As part of Hawaii Civil Beat’s ongoing series supported by the Fund examining the state’s child welfare system, John Hill surveyed western states to find that Hawaii almost stands alone. More than 80 percent of children taken into protective custody in Hawaii are removed from their families without a judge’s approval. Hill found that Hawaii relies on warrantless removals far more than many other jurisdictions in the western U.S. Data from Hawaii’s Department of Human Services show that, for instance, in 2021, 85.3% of the 966 children who entered foster care in Hawaii did so via police protective custody.